Working principle and simulation case of power transformer

What Is A Transformer?

Power supply design is an unavoidable issue in current hardware product design. In the previous article, we have discussed several types of DCDC converters. Today, we will explore another low loss buck boost scheme: transformers.

A transformer is an electromagnetic component of a circuit used to change the alternating voltage. It can convert one AC voltage into another through electromagnetic conversion while keeping the power basically unchanged.

Application of Transformers

In the power system, transformers are widely used for increasing or decreasing voltage. It can be used for electrical isolation, significantly improving system safety and reducing the risk of electric shock; The use of transformers also achieves grounding system separation, which can effectively suppress common mode noise; Provided DC isolation to protect sensitive circuits; Simultaneously achieving voltage conversion and impedance matching while isolating; Restricting the scope of fault propagation and improving system reliability; Improved electromagnetic compatibility, helping to meet EMC requirements; Support multiple winding applications and adapt to complex system requirements; It can also be used for special applications such as signal coupling, phase adjustment, and harmonic suppression. These advantages make transformers an indispensable key component in fields such as power, industry, healthcare, and communication, providing solid guarantees for the safety, efficiency, and reliability of modern electrical systems and greatly promoting the development of modern power systems.

Working Principle of Transformer

The working principle of transformers is based on the law of electromagnetic induction. Its electromagnetic structure consists of two or more coils wound around the same iron core. In practical structures, there will be insulation materials used between windings and between windings and iron cores, as well as between the casing and cooling system.

When AC current passes through the primary coil, an alternating magnetic field is generated in the iron core. This alternating magnetic field will induce voltage in the secondary coil. By adjusting the turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils, different output voltages can be obtained. Usually, transformers have more than one circuit, for example, single-phase transformers have two circuits, while three-phase transformers have six circuits.

The iron cores and winding materials of different transformers vary greatly. Julin Technology's PowerExpert supports simple and flexible custom transformer construction. Custom transformers can be built using winding, core or non-linear core, and winding binding (K_Magnatic) devices. The ideal magnetic core supports setting magnetic permeability, cross-sectional area and length, while the nonlinear magnetic core supports setting shape parameters, magnetic domain wall bending constant, hysteresis loss coefficient, saturation magnetization intensity and other coefficients. The magnetic core and winding are set to belong to the same transformer through winding binding devices.

Build a simple custom transformer using PowerExpert software, where the winding has 5 turns and 10 turns, as shown in the following figure:

custom transformer showed in the figure

Perform transient simulation, and the simulation results obtained are shown in the following figure:

the simulation results obtained are shown in the following figure

How are textile fibers classified?

Fibre soft and slender substance with length to diameter ratio at least 10:1,  the cross-sectional area less than 0.05mm2. For textile fibers, the ratio of length to diameter is generally greater than 1000:1. 

About textile fibers: Natural fiber, such as cotton, hemp, wool, silk and so on; Chemical fiber refers to natural or synthetic polymers as raw materials, through chemical methods and mechanical processing made as fiber.

 

1) According to the source of raw material: Regenerated fibre and Synthetic fibres

  • Regenerated fibre also be called as synthetic fiber, using natural polymers or lost textile processing value of fiber raw materials through a series of chemical treatment and mechanical processing be fiber again, the chemical composition of the fiber and original polymer is alomost same. Including Regenerated cellulose fibre (such as viscose fiber, copper ammonia fiber), Regenerated protein fiber  (such as soy protein fiber, peanut protein fiber), regenerated inorganic fiber (such as glass fiber, metal fiber)  and regenerated organic fiber (such as chitin fiber, seaweed gum fiber).
  • Synthetic fiber is made of natural low molecular compounds such as petroleum, coal, limestone, natural gas, salt, air, water and some agricultural and sideline products as raw materials, through chemical synthesis and processing be fibers. There are seven common types of synthetic fibers: polyester fiber (polyester), polyamide fiber (nylon), polyacrylonitrile fiber (acrylic fiber), polyvinyl formaldehyde fiber (vinylon), polypropylene fiber (polypropylene), polyvinyl chloride fiber (chlorinated fiber) and polyurethane elastic fiber (spandex), etc. 

     

     

    2) Classification by morphological structure: Continuous filament and Staple fibre

    • Continuous filament 

      During chemical fiber manufacturing process, spinning fluid (fusant or melt) after spinning forming and post-processing, the length of fiber is caiculated in kilometers is called chemical fiber filament. Chemical fiber filaments can be divided into monofil, multifilaments, twisted fibers, double twisted fibers, cord fibers and Textured filament.

      Monofilament: A single continuous fiber of very long length.

      Multifilaments: A filament composed of two or more single filaments joined together. Complex filaments of chemical fibers are generally composed of 8 to 100 single fibers.

      Twist yarn: twist Multifilaments  becomes twist yarn.

      Double twist yarn: Two or more strands of twist yarn are combined to be double twist yarn.

      Cord wire: composed of more than one hundred to several hundred single fibers, used to make tire cord fabric.

      Textured filament yarn: The chemical fiber filament is deformed and processed so that it has the appearance characteristics of curling, spiral, ring and so on, showing fluffy and flexible filament.

      • Staple fibre

        The product of the chemical fiber is cut into few centimeters to dozen centimeters in length, it is called staple fiber. According to the different cut length, staple fibers can be divided into cotton type, wool type and medium long staple fibers.

        The length of Cotton type fibre is 30 ~ 40mm, the linear density is about 1.67dtex, the fiber is fine, similar to cotton. The length of Wool type fibre is 70 ~ 150mm, the linear density is 3.3 ~ 7.7dtex, the fiber is thicker, similar to wool; Mid fibre has a length of 51 ~ 65mm and a linear density of 2.2 ~ 3.3dtex, between cotton type and wool type.

         

        3)  Classification by fiber manufacturing method

        Chemical fibers can be divided into two categories according to the basic manufacturing methods,  melt spinning fibers and solution spinning fibers (i.e. dry spinning fibers and wet spinning fibers).

        • Melt spinning is polymer melt is pressed out of the spinneret hole, melt is solidified into silk in the surrounding air (or water).
        • Dry-spinning is polymer concentrated solution is pressed out from the spinneret hole form as trickle, solvent evaporates rapidly in hot medium and solidifies into silk. 
        • Wet spinning is polymer concentrated solution is pressed out of the spinneret hole and solidified into silk in a coagulation bath.

           

          4) Classification by composition within a single fiber

          • Single-component fibers: Fibers composed of the same polymer are called single-component fibers, and most conventional fibers are single-component fibers, such as polyester.
          • Multicomponent fibers:Fibers composed of two or more polymers are called multicomponent fibers, such as acrylic fibers. 
          • Composite fiber:the components are arranged regularly along the fiber axis and form a continuous interface fiber.
          • Blended fiber: components are randomly dispersed or more evenly mixed fiber

             

            5) Classification by fiber difference

How many kinds of functional knitting products?

Knitting products are widely used in the three major fields of wear, decoration and industrial use, forming a relatively complete knitting industry chain. Functional knitting products include sports apparel, medical assistance products, military defense supplies & fashion apparel developed through the integration of high-tech material with knitting technology, which not only meet the increasingly diverse needs of people,but also innovate in combination with cutting-edge technology. With the rapid development of science and technology,various functional & diversified products combining traditional textile technology emerge in endless stream. According characteristics of knitted fabrics, functional knitting products, as an important product combining textile technology and scientific innovation, are gradually becoming new focus of the development of the textile industry. At the same time,with the development of green functional knitting products, functional knitwear is not only the result of technological innovation, but also embodiment of market demand and sustainable development trends.

1. Hygroscopic and perspiratory knitted products

The wetting process of sweat involves the contact and penetration between sweat and fiber and fabric surface. The water in this process mainly depends on the capillary action between fiber and yarn to move, and the water finally evaporates rapidly through the fabric surface to achieve the quick-drying effect. Moisture wicking fabric can effectively reduce the retention time of sweat on the skin surface, keep the skin dry and reduce the growth of bacteria, improve the wearer's comfort. Related applications in sports products include cycling clothing, yoga clothing, sports underwear, sports shoes, etc.

 

2. Antibacterial knitting products

Antibacterial knitted fabrics can realize antibacterial function through five ways: natural antibacterial fiber, regenerative antibacterial fiber, synthetic antibacterial fiber, modified antibacterial fiber and antibacterial agent finishing and processing. On this basis, combined with organizational structure design, product performance can be further optimized and bacterial growth can be effectively inhibited. At present, antibacterial knitting products are used in daily use, medicine and other fields.

 

3. Uv protection knitted products

Uv protection can be achieved through functional yarns or functional finishing (sunscreen reagents, functional coatings). Anti-ultraviolet function products can effectively block ultraviolet radiation, make the wearer feel more comfortable, extend the service life of the product, in outdoor, use, automotive materials and other fields have been developed and applied.

 

4. Waterproof knitting products

Waterproof knitted products are made by functional yarn or special finishing technology, which can effectively prevent water from penetrating into the interior of knitted products, prevent stains, fading and fabric deformation caused by water, and improve the durability and quality stability of products. At present, waterproof functional knitting products are used in outdoor sports, daily protection and other fields.

 

5. Electromagnetic shielding knitting products

Electromagnetic shielding knitting products are used in daily use, military defense and other scenarios. Electromagnetic shielding fabric is an excellent shielding material made of functional yarn with both light weight, flexibility and strength. It is widely used because of its thin and light, good surface adhesion and a large number of grid structures. At present, the design principle of electromagnetic shielding fabrics is mainly to use the conductivity of the material to metalize the surface of the fabric to form a metal conductive layer, or to make conductive filament and conductive yarn first, and then weave into the fabric, so that the metal conductive grid is formed inside the fabric.

 

6, Smart responsive knitting products

Intelligent response technology provides more possibilities for the development of functional knitting products, in addition to the traditional clothing field, intelligent response knitting products can also be applied to medical, sports, military and other fields. Through intelligent components, knitting products can achieve a variety of functions such as health monitoring, position tracking, and temperature regulation.

 

7. Warm knitting products

Warm knitting products can be used to form a static air layer inside the fabric through the selection of functional fibers or yarns with warmth, combined with the tissue design, to reduce heat loss, and can also be adjusted by the weaving process parameters (such as density, thickness, etc.) to improve the thermal performance of the fabric. A wide range of warm knit products, including warm underwear, warm coats, warm knee pads and so on. The composite fiber prepared by special process not only makes up for some performance shortcomings of natural fiber, but also shows superior thermal performance. The knitted products prepared by it can also have other properties, such as antibacterial, antistatic, breathable and so on, while having warmth.

 

8. Stab-proof and cut-proof knitting products

Stab-proof and cut-proof products are widely used in military, medical, sports and other fields, including anti-cut neck guard, stab-proof clothing, stab-proof vest, cut-proof gloves and other products. Among them, flexible stab-proof clothing can not only meet the requirements of special occupations for protective performance, but also suitable for daily wear because of its comfort, which is a research hotspot in recent years. Bulletproof textiles made from high-strength fibers such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) or aramid provide some protection against projectiles such as shrapnel and ammunition fragments. The traditional full overlay design limits the energy absorption of the composite during ballistic impact. In contrast, the checkerboard design formed by polycarbonate (PC) film and aramid can effectively improve the ballistic performance. The bullet-proof performance of the checkerboard PC film also increases with the increase of the number of spacer layers.

 

9. Other functional knitting products

Other functional knitting products also include fire retardant, anti-static, anti-mosquito and other products. Among them, the development of antistatic knitting products mainly involves material selection, fabric structure design, application of antistatic finishing technology and many other aspects.

Wuxi Shin Tong Yunn Machinery Technology Co., Ltd fabric dyeing machine DD636 high temperature long tube jet fabric dyeing machine and DD636B series is suitable for dyeing conventional knitted fabrics and functional technology knitted fabrics. Welcome to visit our factory and show the knitted fabric dyeing machine for you.

What's the reason causes yarn non-recurrence by package yarn dyeing?1

Bobbin dyeing technology: subjective reasons cause of non-recurrence of yarn through cone yarn dyeing are roughly as below:  winding quality, dye selection, dyeing process, operating factors, management problems, etc.

 

WINDING QUALITY INFLUENCES REPRODUCIBILITY

(1) Bobbin weight: When dyeing by immersion method, the depth of apparent color depends largely on the weight ratio of dye to yarn. In generally, only the number of bobbin is counted when the yarn is put on the cone yarn carrier, no longer weighed again. Therefore, the winding weight determines weight of loading yarn, be weighted after soft winding. Many factory production practices have proved that even without a fixed length meter, it is completely possible to weigh each bobbin and control the weight within the range of ± 1%. Some dyeing plants use "card" to measure the outside diameter, but because of the large error, it is not suitable. The different size of package yarn after dyeing also will get color difference betweent bobbin yarn.

 

(2) Bobbin winding density: The winding density of soft bobbin with direct relationship to resistance of circulation of dyeing liquor . High density, high resistance. Resistance magnitude affects shape of dyeing liquor circulation resistance curve, then affects main circulation pump, affects the circulation flow of the dye fluid, the circulation frequency of dye fluid and number of cycles within specified time are changed, so the amount of dye on yarn is changed, causing the color of yarn to be deep or shallow.

package yarn

When some bobbin winding density is too small, sometimes the yarn will be out of the "groove", sometimes caused "collapse", the dye liquid will get "short circuit", not only the yarn is washed and dyed unevenly, but also rest bobbin dye liquid circulation will be reduced and cause light color.

 

(3)"Hole exposure" : Because the bobbin and the beam coil are full of holes for the dye to travel through, when the bobbin is not properly wound, or the reciprocating distance is not enough, "hole exposure" will occur. When dyeing, because the warp shaft is placed vertically in the main body of high pressure cone yarn dyeing machine, if winding is too loose, the yarn will fall due to gravity after wetting at sometimes, resulting in upper "hole exposure". The dye liquor will "short circuit" from the "exposed hole", not only wash the yarn on the end of the bobbin, but also affect the flow capacity of other bobbin.

What's the reason causes yarn non-recurrence by package yarn dyeing?2

PRETREATMENT INFLUENCES REPRODUCIBILITY

Many dyeing plants don't pay attention to pre-treatment. Actually, many problems in dyeing processing because of ingnoring do enough pre-treatment. Impurity removal degree, whiteness, pH value after washing, purification of hydrogen peroxide after bleaching, amount of alkali carried by mercerized yarn, different tension affect gloss. When dyeing bobbin yarn, pre-treatment, dyeing and post-treatment are carried out in the same high pressure bobbin dyeing machine, and the pre-treatment effect is also different.

Generally, the dyeing factory pays more attention to force determination and weighing of dyes，but less attention is paid to the force determination and weighing of other chemicals. 

Caustic soda, soda ash, hydrogen peroxide is not analyzed, only calculated according to instructions, dye liquor are rarely titrated. So pre-treatment effect is different, causes difference of color depth and hue.

As mentioned, paying attention to compatibility, compatibility, sensitivity and quality of dyestuff, in order to ensure reproducibility.

 

RATIONALITY OF DYEING TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCES REPRODUCIBILITY

Although selecting appropriate dye, the dyeing process is designed not reasonable, there also be cylinder differences.  Such as temperature design, heating rate, holding time, amount of additives and feeding method scientificity, the rationality of post-treatment process design will affect the dyeing amount of dyestuff resulting in color difference.

Such as adding reactive dye solid alkali, fixation and hydrolysis of reactive dyes have a lot to do with the pH value of dye bath, the scientific feeding method is to maintain the Pu value at a fixed value (such as pH value is 11.5), which is related to the feeding method and feeding rate, if one-time feeding or feeding fast and slow all will cause pH fluctuations, amount of fixation and hydrolyzed dyes is different, finally eflects the different shades of light.

package yarn dyeing machine

 

Why do raw cotton dyeing and its spinning processing?

In order to fully improve the added value of colored product, except add patten, high-count yarn & blended yarn and special dyeing process can also be used to achieve a unique style of colored cloth. Pure cotton blended yarn-dyed fabric: soft feel, breathable, strong water absorption. In recent years, it has been favored by the majority of consumers. Color cotton by mixing cotton, carding cotton, spinning, weaving to eliminate color difference, it is convenient production.

RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENT

1. Raw cotton requirement

After the raw cotton dyeing, the color cotton should be mixed, combed, spun, and finally wovenhttps://www.yarnfabricdyemachine.comknitted, and the requiements of color difference is not strictly, so it is suitable for any variety of raw cotton.

2. Dye compound

The dyestuffs and auxiliaries are used for cotton bleaching and dyeing: with fine particles and soluble in water, good diffusion and permeability.

 

DYEING

In order to obtain better color mixing effect of cotton textiles, pay attention to two important points in raw cotton dyeing: remove natural impurities of loose fiber and spinnability of dyed cotton fiber.

1. Pretreatment

Cotton fibers contain many symbionts, such as waxes, nitrogen, pectin, minerals and natural pigments, cottonseed shells, etc. The existence of these symbionts will seriously affect the wettability of cotton fiber, making it difficult to dyeing, so it must be removed first. The pre-treatment of raw cotton dyeing: boiling and bleaching and related washing. The purpose is to remove cotton impurities, fruit gum and natural pigments that hinder dyeing. After boiling and fully washing, it is necessary to check whether the concentration of alkali, residual hydrogen peroxide and whiteness meet the process requirements or not. Generally, the whiteness of the cotton fiber after pre-treatment are consistent, and the pH value is neutral.

2. Raw cotton dyeing

Using direct dyes and reactive dyes, considering the color fastness and convenience of use, using reactive dyes is better, because reactive dyes with bright color, complete chromatography and a certain wet processing fastness. The process control is stable and appropriate additives, the reproducibility of dyeing is good, cylinder (batch) difference is less. In addition, the use of reactive dyes dyeing, if it is combination of color, it is best to choose a better compatibility of reactive dyes for collocation.

3.  Postprocessing

Post-treatment is an important part of raw cotton dyeing, after dyeing should do fully washed and soaping treatment, in order to remove impurities and residual chemical additives on the cotton fiber. When washing, detergent with strong decontamination ability and good permeability should be used to enhance the cleaning effect of the inner layer of the fiber. After washing, in order to increase the spinnability, softening agent should be added for softening treatment to improve the lubricity of the fiber.

 

DEHYDRATOR AND DRYING

After dehydration , the color cotton treated by softener is easy to loose, after production practice, the moisture return after drying is controlled at 6 to 8, with soft feel and good spinnability.

 

SPINNING TECHNOLOGY

After raw cotton dyeing, the cotton fiber lost  spinnability processing of boiled and bleached, removed wax and oil, feel becomes coarse. In order to improve this situation, one the one hand, adding softener to loosen the cotton and improve its spinnability after full washing. On the other hand, reasonable cotton matching with raw cotton. There are two kinds of cotton matching between colored cotton and raw cotton: One is carried out in the cotton cleaning process, the color cotton and the raw cotton after grabbing cotton, mixing cotton, opening into rolls and  strips, finally spinning and knitted or woven fabric; Another one is processing during combining, the color sliver with the raw cotton sliver, through two strips, so that it is mixed into a strip, finally spinning and weaving or knitting. Through experiment, the former method is better, color cotton and raw cotton through mixing , carding, spinning and weaving, basically eliminate color difference.No matter which one is adopted, the mixing ratio of color cotton and raw cotton is generally controlled at about 0.5-10 percent, spinnability is better, don't  change the original production technology.

 

DYEING INTANCE

9.7tex red cotton using Shin Tong Yunn high pressure dyeing machine, bath ratio 1:15, internal and external cycle time ratio 5:3.

1. Process flow: raw cotton- boiling-washing-dyeing-washing-soft treatment-dehydration-drying - packing

2. pretreatment

Process prescription, (ghttps://www.yarnfabricdyemachine.comL)NaOH(36 'Be) 5 stabilizer FT 2OH202(27.5%) 8,  Temperature 120℃ penetrant JFc 1.0 time 120min.

3. Raw cotton dyeing (bright red) process prescription, (ghttps://www.yarnfabricdyemachine.comL) Peregal O 015 reactive brilliant orange X-Gn 3. 575N a2CO 3 25 Bright Red X一3B 6．i25Na2SO． 70。

4. Soft treatment

Process prescription, (ghttps://www.yarnfabricdyemachine.comL) softener HC-8

5. Dyeing cotton by spinning process

Cotton blending - roll - carding - strip - roving - fine yarn - raw cotton - fine cotton

 

NOTE:

DF241 series high pressure cone yarn dyeing machine is suitable doing pre-treatment, post processing and dyeing of raw cotton(cotton fiber), only need change the carrier form.

Why the choice of dyeing machine crucial to the quality of dyed products?

There are numerous factors that influence the quality of dyed products, chief among them being equipment, dyes and chemicals, processes (procedures, formulations, conditions)  and operational factors. Occasionally, defects in dyeing can also arise due to chance occurrences. Therefore, when analyzing the root causes of quality issues, it's imperative to consider all aspects thoroughly to pinpoint the actual cause, allowing for resolution and prevention of recurring issues. According experience, product quality control measures can be implemented.

 

In this context, let's delve primarily into the impact of dyeing equipment on the quality of dyed products.

 

To achieve superior dyed products, not only must suitable dyes be selected based on the type of fiber and fabric, but also must appropriate textile dyeing machine be paired with customized and rational dyeing processes. Despite advancements in production technology and the continuous improvement of dyeing machinery, quality issues stemming from equipment are still not entirely avoidable.

fabric

The primary concern related to yarn dyeing machine and fabric dyeing machine is its operational stability, efactors such as machine speed, drying condition, temperature ramp-up and ramp-down rate, and pressure control. When these parameters are tightly controlled, the dyeing and finishing machinery can ensure consistent color reproduction and reproducibility.

 

Textile dyeing machine pivotal role in achieving even dyeing. To this end, the following requirements are crucial:

 

1. **Strong Dyeing Process Adaptability**: dyeing machine must be capable of accommodating a wide range of process parameters like temperature, pressure, speed, and treatment time, as well as adjustment to dyestuff and chemical, ensuring compatibility with new processes and technologies. This ensures uniform dyeing and meets other quality standards.

 

2. **High Automation Level**: Automated detection and adjustment of key process parameters minimize human errors, enhancing precision control. This ensures the repeatability of processes and stabilizes product quality.

 

3. **Versatility for Multi Processing**: Given the limited resources in dyeing plant and ever-changing market demands,  fabric and yarn dyeing equipment should be versatile, allowing for cost-effective processing of various fabric and yarn types while maintaining dyeing uniformity and meeting other quality criteria.

 

4. **Low-Tension or Loose Running**: Tension is a significant factor affecting dyeing evenness. High or uneven tension can easily lead to quality issues. Hence, dyeing equipment should operate with minimal or uniform tension, preferably in a loose-running mode. It is related with the design of dyeing machine structure.

weaving yarn

In addition to the processes and operations defined, the color matching and dyeing levelness of products are intimately tied to the dyeing equipment chosen. The selected equipment must cater to the requirements of various dyeing processes, handle diverse product types, produce high-quality outputs, and be safe, durable, economical, high-speed, efficient, continuous, automated, low-energy consuming and environmentally friendly. In essence, the equipment must guarantee the quality of dyed product.

 

Unveiling the Power and Versatility of Crawler Excavators A Comprehensive Guide

If you’re in the market for heavy-duty construction machinery, look no further than crawler excavators. These mighty machines are built for versatility and power, offering an exceptional range of capabilities for various construction projects. In this guide, we’ll delve into the world of crawler excavators, exploring their different types, such as medium excavators and 35-ton excavators. We’ll also discuss the key players in the industry, including track excavator manufacturers, suppliers, and excavator manufacturing companies.

Crawler Excavators: Unmatched Power and Performance

Crawler excavators, also known as track excavators, are designed to excel in challenging terrains. By utilizing tracks instead of wheels, these machines offer enhanced stability and mobility, making them well-suited for construction sites with uneven or soft ground conditions. Their robust build and flexible attachments enable them to tackle a wide variety of tasks, ranging from earthmoving and digging foundations to demolition and material handling.

Medium Excavators: Striking the Perfect Balance

Medium excavators are the workhorses of the construction industry. With an operating weight range of 20 to 60 tons, they strike the perfect balance between power and maneuverability. These versatile machines are renowned for their ability to handle a range of applications, from small-scale residential projects to large-scale commercial developments. Whether you need to excavate trenches, dig basements, or clear debris, medium excavators are your go-to choice.

The Might of a 35-Ton Excavator

When it comes to heavy-duty excavation, a 35-ton excavator packs a punch. These robust machines offer immense power, making light work of demanding tasks such as quarrying, mining, and large-scale earthmoving. With their impressive reach and digging depth, they can handle even the toughest terrains with ease. From road construction to large infrastructure projects, a 35-ton excavator is an invaluable asset on the job site.

Leading Track Excavator Manufacturers and Suppliers

The market for crawler excavators is brimming with top-notch manufacturers and suppliers, providing a wide range of options to choose from. These companies are committed to delivering cutting-edge technology, durability, and exceptional performance in their products. Here’s a glimpse at some of the industry leaders:

  1. Company A: A pioneer in excavation solutions, Company A boasts a stellar reputation for delivering high-quality crawler excavators that excel in performance, fuel efficiency, and operator comfort.

  2. Company B: With an emphasis on innovation and reliability, Company B has emerged as a go-to supplier for crawler excavators. Their machines are designed to optimize productivity and minimize downtime.

  3. Company C: Esteemed for their technological advancements, Company C offers a diverse range of crawler excavators that effortlessly combine power, precision, and ease of operation.

Excavator Manufacturing Companies: Shaping the Future of Construction

Excavator manufacturing companies play a crucial role in shaping the construction industry. These companies invest heavily in research and development to introduce groundbreaking features and technologies in their excavator models. By incorporating advanced hydraulic systems, GPS guidance, and eco-friendly engines, they are revolutionizing the way excavation is carried out.

In conclusion, crawler excavators are the backbone of the construction industry, providing exceptional power, versatility, and performance. Whether you’re in need of a medium excavator, a 35-ton beast, or any other type, reputable track excavator manufacturers and suppliers have got you covered. Invest in these remarkable machines and experience superior productivity and efficiency in your construction projects.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Using the JS Servo Disposable Plastic Cup Making Machine Thermoforming Machine

Are you considering venturing into the world of disposable plastic cup production? If so, the JS Servo Disposable Plastic Cup Making Machine Thermoforming Machine might just be the perfect tool for you. In this step-by-step guide, we will walk you through the process of using this machine, helping you get started with confidence.

Step 1: Preparing the machine

Before you begin, ensure that the JS Servo Disposable Plastic Cup Making Machine Thermoforming Machine is properly set up and connected to a power source. Take a moment to familiarize yourself with the machine’s controls and features.

Step 2: Gather the necessary materials

To start, gather the materials you will need for the cup production process. This typically includes plastic sheets suitable for thermoforming and any additional accessories required for the specific cups you intend to make.

Step 3: Adjusting the settings

Next, adjust the machine’s settings according to the specifications of your desired cups. This may involve selecting the appropriate temperature, speed, depth, and other parameters. Consult the machine’s manual or seek guidance from an experienced operator if necessary.

Step 4: Loading the plastic sheets

Carefully load the plastic sheets into the machine’s feeding mechanism. Ensure that the sheets are aligned properly for smooth and accurate forming. Take caution not to overload the machine, as this can affect the quality of the cups produced.

Step 5: Running the machine

Once everything is in place, start the machine and let it run through the cup-making process. Observe the machine’s performance closely, ensuring that the cups are formed consistently and without defects.

Step 6: Inspecting and removing the cups

After the cups are formed, inspect them for any issues such as uneven edges, warping, or incomplete forming. Remove the cups carefully from the machine, taking care not to damage them. As you gain more experience, you’ll become adept at identifying and rectifying any issues that arise during the process.

Step 7: Finishing touches

Finally, examine the finished cups for any imperfections, such as rough edges or excess material. Remove any unwanted excess material using appropriate tools, ensuring the cups are ready for packaging or further processing.

Congratulations! You have successfully used the JS Servo Disposable Plastic Cup Making Machine Thermoforming Machine to produce high-quality disposable plastic cups. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep experimenting and refining your technique to achieve even better results.

Please note that this guide provides only a general overview of using the machine. For more detailed instructions or troubleshooting tips, consult the machine’s manual or seek assistance from experienced professionals in the field.

Now, go forth and embark on your journey as a plastic cup producer with confidence!

Bicycle Lamp Reliability Test

Bicycle Lamp Reliability Test

Bicycles are in the social environment of high oil prices and environmental protection, with environmental protection, fitness, slow living... Such as multi-functional recreational sports equipment, and bicycle lights are an indispensable and important part of bicycle night riding, if the purchase of low-cost and not after reliability test of bicycle lights, riding at night or through the tunnel failure, not only for the rider has a serious threat to life safety, For driving, collision accidents can occur because the driver cannot see the cyclist, so it is important to have bicycle lights that pass the reliability test.

Reasons for bicycle lamp failure:

a. Deformation, embrittlement and fading of lamp shell caused by high temperature of lamp

b. yellowing and embrittlement of lamp shell caused by outdoor ultraviolet exposure

c. Riding up and down the hill due to high and low temperature changes in the environment caused by lamp failure

d. Abnormal power consumption of car lights

e. Lights fail after a long time of rain

f. Hot failure occurs when the lights are lit for a long time

g. During riding, the lamp fixture drags loose, causing the lamp to fall

h. Lamp circuit failure caused by road vibration and slope

Bicycle lamp test classification:

Environmental test, mechanical test, radiation test, electrical test

Initial characteristic test:

Take any 30, light the lamp with DC power supply according to the rated voltage, after the characteristics are stable, measure the distance between the current and the optical center, less than 10 defective products are qualified, more than 22 are unqualified, if the number of defective products is between 11 and 22, another 100 samples are collected for testing, and the number of defective products under the original inspection is qualified when the number is less than 22. If the number exceeds 22, it is disqualified.

Life test: 10 bulbs passed the initial characteristic test, and 8 of them met the requirements.

Bicycle test speed: simulated 15 km/h environment

High temperature test (temperature test) : 80℃, 85℃, 90℃

Low temperature test: -20℃

Temperature cycle: 50℃(60min)→ normal temperature (30min)→20(60min)→ normal temperature (30min), 2cycle

Wet heat test: 30℃/95%R.H/48 hours

Stress screening test: High temperature: 85℃←→ Low temperature: -25℃, dwell time: 30min, cycle: 5cycles, power on, time: ≧24h

Shell salt spray test: 20℃/15% salt concentration/spray for 6 hours, determination method: the surface of the shell should not occur obvious rust

Waterproof test:

Description: The IPX rating of rainproof lamps needs to be at least IPX3 or above

IPX3(Water resistance) : Drop 10 liters of water vertically from a height of 200CM at 60˚ (test time: 10 minutes)

IPX4(anti-water, anti-splash) : 10 liters of water drops from 30 ~ 50CM in any direction (test time: 10 minutes)

IPX5:3m 12.5L of water from any direction [weak water](test time: 3 minutes)

IPX6:3m Strong spray 30 liters from any direction [strong water, pressure: 100KPa](test time: 3 minutes)

IPX7(Life waterproof) : It can be used for 30 minutes under 1m in water

Vibration test: vibration number 11.7 ~ 20Hz/amplitude: 11 ~ 4mm/ time: up and down 2h, about 2h, 2h before and after 2h/acceleration 4 ~ 5g

Drop test: 1 meter (hand drop), 2 meters (bicycle fall, fall from the frame)/ concrete floor/four times/four sides

Impact test: 10mm flat wooden platform/Distance: 1 m/diameter 20mm mass 36g steel ball free fall/top surface and side once

Low temperature impact: When the sample is cold to -5℃, maintain this temperature for three hours and then carry out the impact test

Irradiation test: long time irradiation brightness test, low voltage irradiation test, light brightness, light color

Bicycle lamp noun sorting:

Thermal Shock Test Chamber