IEEE1513 Temperature Cycle Test and Wet Freezing Test, Humidity Heat Test 2

Steps:

Both modules will perform 200 cycle temperature cycles between -40 °C and 60 °C or 50 cycle temperature cycles between -40 °C and 90 °C, as specified in ASTM E1171-99.

Note:

ASTM E1171-01: Test method for photoelectric modulus at Loop Temperature and humidity

Relative humidity does not need to be controlled.

The temperature variation should not exceed 100℃/ hour.

The residence time should be at least 10 minutes and the high and low temperature should be within the requirement of ±5℃

Requirements:

a. The module will be inspected for any obvious damage or degradation after the cycle test.

b. The module should not show any cracks or warps, and the sealing material should not delaminate.

c. If there is a selective electrical function test, the output power should be 90% or more under the same conditions of many original basic parameters

Added:

IEEE1513-4.1.1 Module representative or receiver test sample, if a complete module or receiver size is too large to fit into an existing environmental test chamber, the module representative or receiver test sample may be substituted for a full-size module or receiver.

These test samples should be specially assembled with a replacement receiver, as if containing a string of cells connected to a full-size receiver, the battery string should be long and include at least two bypass diodes, but in any case three cells are relatively few, which summarizes the inclusion of links with the replacement receiver terminal should be the same as the full module.

The replacement receiver shall include components representative of the other modules, including lens/lens housing, receiver/receiver housing, rear segment/rear segment lens, case and receiver connector, procedures A, B, and C will be tested.

Two full-size modules should be used for outdoor exposure test procedure D.

IEEE1513-5.8 Humidity freeze cycle test Humidity freeze cycle test

Receiver

Purpose:

To determine whether the receiving part is sufficient to resist corrosion damage and the ability of moisture expansion to expand the material molecules. In addition, frozen water vapor is the stress for determining the cause of failure

Procedure:

The samples after temperature cycling will be tested according to Table 3, and will be subjected to wet freezing test at 85 ℃ and -40 ℃, humidity 85%, and 20 cycles. According to ASTM E1171-99, the receiving end with large volume shall refer to 4.1.1

Requirements:

The receiving part shall meet the requirements of 5.7. Move out of the environment tank within 2 to 4 hours, and the receiving part should meet the requirements of the high-voltage insulation leakage test (see 5.4).

module

Purpose:

Determine whether the module has sufficient capacity to resist harmful corrosion or widening of material bonding differences

Procedure: Both modules will be subjected to wet freezing tests for 20 cycles, 4 or 10 cycles to 85 ° C as shown in ASTM E1171-99.

Please note that the maximum temperature of 60 ° C is lower than the wet freezing test section at the receiving end.

A complete high voltage insulation test (see 5.4) will be completed after a two to four hour cycle. Following the high voltage insulation test, the electrical performance test as described in 5.2 will be carried out. In large modules may also be completed, see 4.1.1.

Requirements:

a. The module will check for any obvious damage or degradation after the test, and record any.

b. The module should exhibit no cracking, warping, or severe corrosion. There should be no layers of sealing material.

c. The module shall pass the high voltage insulation test as described in IEEE1513-5.4.

If there is a selective electrical function test, the output power can reach 90% or more under the same conditions of many original basic parameters

IEEE1513-5.10 Damp heat test IEEE1513-5.10 Damp heat test

Objective: To evaluate the effect and ability of receiving end to withstand long-term moisture infiltration.

Procedure: The test receiver is tested in an environmental test chamber with 85%±5% relative humidity and 85 ° C ±2 ° C as described in ASTM E1171-99. This test should be completed in 1000 hours, but an additional 60 hours can be added to perform a high voltage insulation leakage test. The receiving part can be used for testing.

Requirements: The receiving end needs to leave the damp heat test chamber for 2 ~ 4 hours to pass the high voltage insulation leakage test (see 5.4) and pass the visual inspection (see 5.1). If there is a selective electrical function test, the output power should be 90% or more under the same conditions of many original basic parameters.

IEEE1513 Module test and inspection procedures

IEEE1513-5.1 Visual inspection procedure

Purpose: To establish the current visual status so that the receiving end can compare whether they pass each test and guarantee that they meet the requirements for further testing.

IEEE1513-5.2 Electrical performance test

Objective: To describe the electrical characteristics of the test module and the receiver and to determine their peak output power.

IEEE1513-5.3 Ground continuity test

Purpose: To verify electrical continuity between all exposed conductive components and the grounding module.

IEEE1513-5.4 Electrical isolation test (dry hi-po)

Purpose: To ensure that the electrical insulation between the circuit module and any external contact conductive part is sufficient to prevent corrosion and safeguard the safety of workers.

IEEE1513-5.5 Wet insulation resistance test

Purpose: To verify that moisture cannot penetrate the electronically active part of the receiving end, where it could cause corrosion, ground failure, or identify hazards for human safety.

IEEE1513-5.6 Water spray test

Objective: The field wet resistance test (FWRT) evaluates the electrical insulation of solar cell modules based on humidity operating conditions. This test simulates heavy rain or dew on its configuration and wiring to verify that moisture does not enter the array circuit used, which can increase corrosiveness, cause ground failures, and create electrical safety hazards for personnel or equipment.

IEEE1513-5.7 Thermal cycle test (Thermal cycle test)

Objective: To determine whether the receiving end can properly withstand the failure caused by the difference in thermal expansion of parts and joint materials.

IEEE1513-5.8 Humidity freeze cycle test

Objective: To determine whether the receiving part is sufficiently resistant to corrosion damage and the ability of moisture expansion to expand the material molecules. In addition, frozen water vapor is the stress for determining the cause of failure.

IEEE1513-5.9 Robustness of terminations test

Purpose: To ensure the wires and connectors, apply external forces on each part to confirm that they are strong enough to maintain normal handling procedures.

IEEE1513-5.10 Damp heat test (Damp heat test)

Objective: To evaluate the effect and ability of receiving end to withstand long-term moisture infiltration. I

EEE1513-5.11 Hail impact test

Objective: To determine whether any component, especially the condenser, can survive hail. IE

EE1513-5.12 Bypass diode thermal test (Bypass diode thermal test)

Objective: To evaluate the availability of sufficient thermal design and use of bypass diodes with relative long-term reliability to limit the adverse effects of module thermal shift diffusion.

IEEE1513-5.13 Hot-spot endurance test (Hot-Spot endurance test)

Objective: To assess the ability of modules to withstand periodic heat shifts over time, commonly associated with failure scenarios such as severely cracked or mismatched cell chips, single point open circuit failures, or uneven shadows (shaded portions). I

EEE1513-5.14 Outdoor exposure test (Outdoor exposure test)

Purpose: In order to preliminarily assess the capability of the module to withstand exposure to outdoor environments (including ultraviolet radiation), the reduced effectiveness of the product may not be detected by laboratory testing.

IEEE1513-5.15 Off-axis beam damage test

Purpose: To ensure that any part of the module is destroyed due to module deviation of the concentrated solar radiation beam.

 

Reliability - Environment

Reliability analysis is based on quantitative data as the basis of product quality, through the experimental simulation, the product in a given time, specific use of environmental conditions, the implementation of specific specifications, the probability of successful completion of work objectives, to quantitative data as the basis for product quality assurance. Among them, environmental testing is a common analysis item in reliability analysis.

Environmental reliability testing is a test performed to ensure that the functional reliability of a product is maintained during the specified life period, under all circumstances in which it is intended to be used, transported or stored. The specific test method is to expose the product to natural or artificial environmental conditions, to evaluate the performance of the product under the environmental conditions of actual use, transportation and storage, and to analyze the impact of environmental factors and their mechanism of action.

Sembcorp's Nanoreliability Analysis laboratory mainly evaluates IC reliability by increasing temperature, humidity, bias, analog IO and other conditions, and selecting conditions to accelerate aging according to IC design requirements. The main test methods are as follows:

TC temperature cycle test

Experimental standard: JESD22-A104

Objective: To accelerate the effect of temperature change on the sample

Test procedure: The sample is placed in a test chamber, which cycles between specified temperatures and is held at each temperature for at least ten minutes. The temperature extremes depend on the conditions selected in the test method. The total stress corresponds to the number of cycles completed at the specified temperature.

capacity of equipment

Temperature Range	-70℃—+180℃
Temperature Change Rate	15℃/min linear
Internal Volume	160L
Internal Dimension	W800*H500 * D400mm
External Dimension	W1000 * H1808 * D1915mm
Quantity of sample	25 / 3lot
Time/pass	700 cycles / 0 Fail 2300 cycles / 0 Fail

BLT high temperature bias test

Experimental standard: JESD22-A108

Objective: The influence of high temperature bias on samples

Test process: Put the sample into the experimental chamber, set the specified voltage and current limit value in power supply, try run at room temperature, observe whether the limited current occurs in power supply, measure whether the input chip terminal voltage meets the expectation, record the current value at room temperature, and set the specified temperature in chamber. When the temperature is stable at the set value, power on at high temperature and record the high temperature current value

Equipment capacity:

Temperature Range	+20℃—+300℃
Internal Volume	448L
Internal Dimension	W800*H800 * D700mm
External Dimension	W1450 * H1215 * D980mm
Quantity of sample	25 / 3lot
Time/pass	Case Temperature 125℃ ,1000hrs/ 0 Fail

HAST highly accelerated stress test

Experimental standard: JESD22-A110/A118 (EHS-431ML, EHS-222MD)

Objective: HAST provides constant multiple stress conditions, including temperature, humidity, pressure, and bias. Carried out to assess the reliability of non-enclosed packaged equipment operating in humid environments. Multiple stress conditions can accelerate the infiltration of moisture through the encapsulation mold compound or along the interface between the external protective material and the metal conductor passing through the encapsulation. When water reaches the surface of the bare piece, the applied potential sets up an electrolytic condition that corrodes the aluminum conductor and affects the DC parameters of the device. Contaminants present on the chip surface, such as chlorine, can greatly accelerate the corrosion process. In addition, too much phosphorus in the passivation layer can also react under these conditions.

Device 1 and device 2

Equipment capacity:

Quantity of sample	25 / 3lot
Time/pass	130℃，85%RH ,96hrs/ 0 Fail
	110℃，85%RH ,264hrs/ 0 Fail

Device 1

Temperature Range	-105℃—+142.9℃
Humidity Range	75%RH—100%RH
Pressure Range	0.02—0.196MPa
Internal Volume	51L
Internal Dimension	W355*H355 * D426mm
External Dimension	W860 * H1796 * D1000mm

Device 2

Temperature Range	-105℃—+142.9℃
Humidity Range	75%RH—100%RH
Pressure Range	0.02—0.392MPa
Internal Volume	180L
Internal Dimension	W569*H560 * D760mm
External Dimension	W800 * H1575 * D1460mm

THB temperature and humidity cycle test

Experimental standard: JESD22-A101

Objective: The influence of temperature and humidity change on the sample

Experimental process: Put the sample into the experimental chamber, set the specified voltage and current limit value in power supply, try run at room temperature, observe whether the limited current occurs in power supply, measure whether the input chip terminal voltage meets the expectation, record the current value at room temperature, and set the specified temperature in chamber. When the temperature is stable at the set value, power on at high temperature and record the high temperature current value

Equipment capacity:

Temperature Range	-40℃—+180℃
Humidity Range	10%RH—98%RH
Temperature Conversion Rate	3℃/min
Internal Volume	784L
Internal Dimension	W1000*H980 * D800mm
External Dimension	W1200 * H1840 * D1625mm
Quantity of sample	25 / 3lot
Time/pass	85℃，85%RH ,1000hrs/ 0 Fail
	Procedure temperature and humidity cycle, there has no humidity when temperature over 100℃

TSA&TSB temperature shock test

Experimental standard: JESD22-A106

Objective: To accelerate the effect of temperature change on the sample

Test process: The sample is put into the test chamber, and the specified temperature is set inside the chamber. Before heating up, it is confirmed that the sample has been fixed on the mold, which has prevented damage due to the sample falling into the chamber during the experiment.

Equipment capacity:

	TSA	TSB
Temperature Range	-70℃—+200℃	-65℃—+200℃
Temperature Change Rate	≤5min	＜20S
Internal Volume	70L	4.5L
Internal Dimension	W410*H460 * D3700mm	W150*H150 * D200mm
External Dimension	W1310 * H1900 * D1770mm	W1200 * H1785 * D1320mm

 

Solar Module EVA Film Introduction 1

In order to improve the power generation efficiency of solar cell modules, provide protection against the loss caused by environmental climate change, and ensure the service life of solar modules, EVA plays a very important role. EVA is non-adhesive and anti-adhesive at room temperature. After hot pressing under certain conditions during the solar cell packaging process, EVA will produce melt bonding and adhesive curing. The cured EVA film becomes completely transparent and has quite high light transmittance. The cured EVA can withstand atmospheric changes and has elasticity. The solar cell wafer is wrapped and bonded with the upper glass and lower TPT by vacuum lamination technology.

Basic functions of EVA film:

1. Secure the solar Cell and connecting circuit wires to provide cell insulation protection

2. Perform optical coupling

3. Provide moderate mechanical strength

4. Provide a heat transfer pathway

EVA Main features:

1. Heat resistance, low temperature resistance, moisture resistance and weather resistance

2. Good followability to metal glass and plastic

3. Flexibility & Elasticity

4. High light transmission

5. Impact resistance

6. Low temperature winding

Thermal conductivity of solar cell related materials: (K value of thermal conductivity at 27 ° C (300'K))

Description: EVA is used for the combination of solar cells as a follow-up agent, because of its strong follow-up ability, softness and elongation, it is suitable for joining two different expansion coefficient materials.

Aluminum: 229 ~ 237 W/(m·K)

Coated aluminum alloy: 144 W/(m·K)

Silicon wafer: 80 ~ 148 W/(m·K)

Glass: 0.76 ~ 1.38 W/(m·K)

EVA: 0.35W /(m·K)

TPT: 0.614 W/(m·K)

EVA appearance inspection: no crease, no stain, smooth, translucent, no stain edge, clear embossing

EVA material performance parameters:

Melting index: affects the enrichment rate of EVA

Softening point: The temperature point at which EVA begins to soften

Transmittance: There are different transmittance for different spectral distributions, which mainly refers to the transmittance under the spectral distribution of AM1.5

Density: density after bonding

Specific heat: the specific heat after bonding, reflecting the size of the temperature increase value when the EVA after bonding absorbs the same heat

Thermal conductivity: thermal conductivity after bonding, reflecting the thermal conductivity of EVA after bonding

Glass transition temperature: reflects the low temperature resistance of EVA

Breaking tension strength: The breaking tension strength of EVA after bonding reflects the mechanical strength of EVA after bonding

Elongation at break: the elongation at break at EVA after bonding reflects the tension of EVA after bonding

Water absorption: It directly affects the sealing performance of battery cells

Binding rate: The binding rate of EVA directly affects his impermeability

Peel strength: reflects the bond strength between EVA and peel

EVA reliability test purpose: to confirm the weather resistance, light transmission, bonding force, ability to absorb deformation, ability to absorb physical impact, damage rate of pressing process of EVA... Let's wait.

EVA aging test equipment and projects: constant temperature and humidity test chamber (high temperature, low temperature, high temperature and high humidity), high and low temperature chamber (temperature cycle), ultraviolet testing machine (UV)

VA Model 2: Glass /EVA/ conductive copper sheet /EVA/ glass composite

Description: Through the on-resistance electrical measurement system, the low resistance in EVA is measured. Through the change of the on-resistance value during the test, the water and gas penetration of EVA is determined, and the oxidation corrosion of copper sheet is observed.

After three tests of temperature cycle, wet freezing and wet heat, the characteristics of EVA and Backsheet change:

(↑ : up, ↓ : down)

After three tests of temperature cycle, wet freezing and wet heat, the characteristics of EVA and Backsheet change:

(↑ : up, ↓ : down)

EVA：	Backsheet：
Yellow↑	Inner layer yellow ↑
Cracking ↑	Cracks in the inner layer and PET layer ↑
Atomization ↑	Reflectivity ↓
Transparency ↓

 

 

Solar Module EVA Film Introduction 2

EVA-UV test:

Description: Test the attenuation ability of EVA to withstand ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, after a long time of UV irradiation, EVA film will appear brown, penetration rate decreased... And so on.

EVA environmental test project and test conditions:

Humid heat: 85℃ / RH 85%; 1,000 hrs

Thermal cycle: -40℃ ~ 85℃; 50 cycles

Wet freezing test: -40℃ ~ 85℃ / RH 85%; 10 times UV: 280~385nm/ 1000w/200hrs (no cracking and no discoloration)

EVA Test Conditions (NREL) :

High temperature test: 95℃ ~ 105℃/1000h

Humidity and heat: 85℃/85%R.H./>1000h[1500h]

Temperature cycle: -40℃←→85℃/>200Cycles 

(No bubbles, no cracking, no desticking, no discoloration, no thermal expansion and contraction)

UV aging: 0.72W/m2, 1000 hrs, 60℃(no cracking, no discoloration) Outdoor: > California sunshine for 6 months

Example of EVA characteristics change under Damp heat test:

Discoloration, atomization, Browning, delamination

Comparison of EVA bond strength at high temperature and humidity:

Description: EVA film at 65℃/85%R.H and 85℃/85%R.H. The degradation of the bond strength was compared at 65℃/85%R.H under two different wet and hot conditions. After 5000 hours of testing, the degradation benefit is not high, but EVA at 85℃/85%R.H. In the test environment, the adhesion is quickly lost, and there is a significant reduction in bond strength in 250 hours.

EVA-HAST unsaturated pressurized vapor test:

Objective: Since EVA film needs to be tested for more than 1000 hours at 85℃/85%R.H., which is equal to at least 42 days, in order to shorten the test time and accelerate the test speed, it is necessary to increase the environmental stress (temperature & humidity & pressure) and speed up the test process in the environment of unsaturated humidity (85%R.H.).

Test conditions: 110℃/85%R.H./264h

EVA-PCT pressure digester test:

Objective: The PCT test of EVA is to increase the environmental stress (temperature & humidity) and expose EVA to wetting vapor pressure exceeding one atmosphere, which is used to evaluate the sealing effect of EVA and the moisture absorption status of EVA.

Test condition: 121℃/100%R.H.

Test time: 80h(COVEME) / 200h(toyal Solar)

EVA and CELL bond tensile force test:

EVA: 3 ~ 6Mpa Non-EVA material: 15Mpa

Additional information from EVA:

1. The water absorption of EVA will directly affect its sealing performance of the battery

2.WVTR < 1×10-6g/m2/day(NREL recommended PV WVTR)

3. The adhesive degree of EVA directly affects its impermeability. It is recommended that the adhesive degree of EVA and cell should be greater than 60%

4. When the bonding degree reaches more than 60%, thermal expansion and contraction will no longer occur

5. The bonding degree of EVA directly affects the performance and service life of the component

6. Unmodified EVA has low cohesion strength and is prone to thermal expansion and contraction leading to chip fragmentation

7.EVA peeling strength: longitudinal ≧20N/cm, horizontal ≧20N/cm

8. The initial light transmittance of the packaging film is not less than 90%, and the internal decline rate of 30 years is not less than 5%

 

 

 

 

 

What are the High and Low Temperature Explosion-proof Devices?

Due to the particularity of the test product, during the test process, the test product may produce a large amount of gas in the high temperature or high pressure state, which may catch fire and explode. In order to ensure production safety, preventive safety protection devices can be used as optional equipment. Therefore, the high and low temperature test chamber needs to add special devices - explosion-proof devices when testing these special products. Today, let's talk about what are the high and low temperature explosion-proof devices.

1. Pressure relief port

When the air generated in the test chamber increases and the gas pressure in the chamber reaches a threshold, the pressure relief port automatically opens and releases the pressure outwards. This design ensures that when the system overpressure, the pressure can be released, thereby preventing the system from collapsing or exploding. The location and number of pressure relief ports are determined according to the specific fire extinguishing system design and application requirements.

2. Smoke detector

The smoke detector mainly realizes fire prevention by monitoring the concentration of smoke. The ionic smoke sensor is used inside the smoke detector. The ionic smoke sensor is a kind of sensor with advanced technology and stable and reliable operation. When the concentration of smoke particles in the chamber is greater than the threshold, it will sense and alarm to remind the production to stop operation and achieve the effect of preventing fire.

3. Gas detector

A gas detector is an instrument that detects the concentration of a gas. The instrument is suitable for dangerous places where combustible or toxic gases exist, and can continuously detect the content of the measured gas in the air within the lower explosive limit for a long time. The gas diffuses into the working electrode of the sensor through the back of the porous film, where the gas is oxidized or reduced. This electrochemical reaction causes a change in the current flowing through the external circuit, and the gas concentration can be measured by measuring the size of the current.

4. Smoke exhaust system

The air inlet of the pressurized fan is directly connected with the outdoor air. In order to prevent the outdoor air from being polluted by smoke, the air inlet of the supply fan should not be located at the same level as the air outlet of the exhaust machine. A one-way air valve should be installed on the outlet or inlet air pipe of the fan. Mechanical smoke exhaust system adopts smoke exhaust fan for mechanical exhaust air. According to relevant information, a well-designed mechanical smoke exhaust system can discharge 80% of the heat in the fire, so that the temperature of the fire scene is greatly reduced, and it has an important role in the safety of personnel evacuation and fire fighting.

5. Electromagnetic lock and mechanical door buckle

The electromagnetic lock uses the electromagnetic principle to achieve the fixing of the lock body, without the need to use a mechanical lock tongue, so the electromagnetic lock does not exist the possibility of mechanical lock tongue damage or forced destruction. The electromagnetic lock has a high anti-impact strength, when the external impact force acts on the lock body, the lock body will not be easily destroyed, and there will be certain protective measures when the explosion occurs.

6. Automatic fire extinguishing device

The automatic fire extinguishing device is mainly composed of four parts: detector (thermal energy detector, flame detector, smoke detector), fire extinguisher (carbon dioxide extinguisher), digital temperature control alarm and communication module. Through the digital communication module in the device, the real-time temperature changes, alarm status and fire extinguisher information in the fire area can be remotely monitored and controlled, which can not only remotely monitor the various states of the automatic fire extinguishing device, but also master the real-time changes in the fire area, which can minimize the loss of life and property when the fire occurs.

7. Indicator and warning light

Communicate equipment status or transmission status by visual and acoustic signals to machine operators, technicians, production managers and plant personnel.

 

What are the Safety Protection Systems of the High and Low Temperature Test Chamber?

1, Leakage/surge protection:Leakage circuit breaker leakage protection FUSE.RC electronic surge protection from Taiwan

2, The controller internal self-automatic detection and protection device

(1) Temperature/humidity sensor: The controller controls the temperature and humidity in the test area within the set range through the temperature and humidity sensor

(2) Controller overtemperature alarm: when the heating tube in the chamber continues to heat up and exceeds the temperature set by the internal parameters of the controller, the buzzer in it will alarm and need to be manually reset and reused

3, Fault detection control interface: external fault automatic detection protection Settings

(1) The first layer of high temperature overtemperature protection: operation control overtemperature protection Settings

(2) The second layer of high temperature and overtemperature protection: the use of anti-dry burning overtemperature protector to protect the system will not be heated all the time to burn the equipment

(3) Water break and air burning protection: humidity is protected by anti-dry burning overtemperature protector

(4) Compressor protection: refrigerant pressure protection and over-load protection device

4, Fault abnormal protection: when the fault occurs, cut off the control power supply and the fault cause indication and alarm output signal

5, Automatic water shortage warning: the machine water shortage active warning

6, Dynamic high and low temperature protection: with the setting conditions to dynamically adjust the high and low temperature protection value

    Acid transfer pumps are essential for transporting various acidic liquids and are widely used in industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and environmental protection. Choosing the right material is crucial for ensuring the pump's performance, durability, and safety. So, what materials are commonly used in acid transfer pumps? This article will provide an in-depth analysis of several popular materials and their applications, helping you select the most suitable acid transfer pump.

    1. Stainless Steel

    Stainless steel is a popular choice for acid transfer pumps due to its excellent corrosion resistance and oxidation protection. Specifically, 316L stainless steel is highly resistant to corrosion from most acidic liquids, making it ideal for the transportation of low to medium concentration acids. Stainless steel acid transfer pumps also offer heat resistance, ease of cleaning, and a long service life, making them ideal for industries such as chemicals and food processing.

    2. Fluoroplastics (F4, F46)

    Fluoroplastic is an exceptional corrosion-resistant material, capable of withstanding almost all strong acids and alkalis. Acid transfer pumps made from fluoroplastics can safely handle highly corrosive media like concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Fluoroplastic acid transfer pumps are highly popular in industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and environmental protection due to their high-temperature resistance and wear resistance, offering enhanced reliability.

    3. Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene (FRPP)

    FRPP is a lightweight and relatively affordable material with solid corrosion resistance. Acid transfer pumps made from FRPP are particularly suitable for transporting low-concentration acidic liquids like phosphoric acid and acetic acid. Key advantages of FRPP include excellent chemical resistance, good impact strength, and ease of installation and maintenance, making it an economical option.

    4. Ceramic Materials

    Ceramic materials are renowned for their extreme resistance to corrosion and wear, particularly in the transport of acidic liquids containing solid particles. While ceramic pumps may be more brittle, their exceptional performance in highly corrosive and abrasive environments makes them a unique solution for specialized applications.

    5. Hastelloy

    For applications requiring the handling of high-temperature, high-concentration acids, Hastelloy is an exceptionally corrosion-resistant alloy. Acid transfer pumps made from Hastelloy can operate reliably in extreme environments and withstand severe acid and temperature conditions. Although these pumps tend to be more expensive, their excellent performance makes them widely used in demanding industries such as petrochemicals.

    6. Titanium Alloy

    Titanium alloy provides outstanding corrosion resistance, especially for transporting strong acids like aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid. Titanium alloy acid transfer pumps are lightweight, highly durable, and offer superior corrosion protection, making them ideal for the transport of highly corrosive liquids. These pumps are widely used in advanced industries such as aerospace and marine engineering.

    Different materials for acid transfer pumps are suitable for different acidic liquids and working environments. Choosing the right pump material not only extends the equipment's life but also increases operational efficiency and reduces maintenance costs. Whether you're looking for stainless steel, fluoroplastic, or specialized alloy acid transfer pumps, understanding the characteristics of each material will help you make an informed decision.

In the chemical industry, transferring corrosive liquids presents significant challenges. Chemical transfer pumps, as critical equipment, must possess excellent corrosion resistance to ensure system safety and operational stability. Selecting the right material is crucial for extending the pump's lifespan and improving production efficiency. Today, we will explore the common materials used in corrosion-resistant chemical transfer pumps and their applications.

1. Stainless Steel

Stainless steel (Stainless Steel Chemical Pumps)is one of the most commonly used materials in corrosion-resistant chemical transfer pumps. It offers excellent corrosion resistance, particularly when handling weak acids, weak alkalis, and other mildly corrosive liquids. Common stainless steel grades include 304, 316, and 316L, with 316L offering superior intergranular corrosion resistance due to its lower carbon content. Stainless steel pumps are suitable for industries such as chemicals, food processing, and pharmaceuticals, where corrosive media are frequently encountered.

2. High-Nickel Alloys

High-nickel alloys, such as Hastelloy and Inconel, perform exceptionally well in extreme corrosive environments. These materials provide outstanding resistance when handling strong acids, strong alkalis, and chloride-containing media. High-nickel alloy pumps are typically used in chemical processes requiring high corrosion resistance, such as the transfer of concentrated sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and phosphoric acid.

3. Plastic Materials

With advancements in technology, corrosion-resistant plastic materials (Plastic Chemical Transfer Pumps) are increasingly used in chemical pumps. Plastics like polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are highly valued for their excellent chemical resistance, especially in high-purity chemical environments. Plastic pumps are commonly used to transfer highly corrosive, strong oxidizing media, such as strong acids, strong alkalis, and organic solvents.

4. Silicon Carbide and Ceramic Materials

Silicon carbide and ceramic materials are important choices in chemical pumps due to their superior wear resistance and corrosion resistance. These materials are particularly effective in reducing wear and extending pump life when transferring corrosive liquids containing solid particles. Silicon carbide pumps are mainly used for transferring high-hardness, highly corrosive fluids, such as concentrated acid and alkali solutions, and suspensions.

5. Rubber-Lined Pumps

For transferring strong acids, strong alkalis, or corrosive media containing particles, rubber-lined pumps offer an economical and effective solution. The pump body is lined with corrosion-resistant rubber, such as neoprene or fluoroelastomer, effectively isolating the media from contact with the metal pump body and preventing corrosion damage. Rubber-lined pumps are widely used in mining, chemical processing, electroplating, and other industries.

The material selection for corrosion-resistant chemical transfer pumps directly impacts the durability of the equipment and the safety of production. When purchasing, it is essential to choose the most suitable material based on factors such as the chemical nature of the transfer medium, operating temperature, and pressure conditions, to ensure optimal pump performance in specific applications. Our company is dedicated to providing high-quality corrosion-resistant chemical pumps, helping our customers achieve efficient and safe transfer solutions in demanding chemical environments.

If you are interested in changyupump products or have any questions, please feel free to contact our professional team. We are here to serve you.

Slurry pumps are widely used in industries such as chemical processing, metallurgy, and mining for transporting high-concentration, solid-containing corrosive media. However, during long-term use, slurry pumps often encounter some common failures. Understanding the causes of these failures and how to resolve them can help improve pump efficiency and reduce maintenance costs. This blog will outline several common slurry pump failures and their corresponding solutions.

1. Insufficient Pump Flow

Causes:

Impeller or flow path blockage, affecting the normal flow of the medium.

Air trapped inside the pump body or pipeline, leading to cavitation.

Air leakage in the suction line, causing insufficient negative pressure in the pump chamber.

Severe wear of the impeller or sealing ring, reducing pump efficiency.

Solutions:

Regularly clean the pump body and pipeline to ensure no blockages.

Fully vent the pump before starting to prevent air from entering the pump body.

Check for leaks in pipeline connections and repair any points of air leakage.

Replace worn impellers or sealing rings to restore normal performance.

2. Pump Fails to Start

Causes:

Power issues such as low voltage or poor circuit connections.

Foreign objects lodged inside the pump, preventing the pump shaft from turning.

Motor failure preventing the pump from running.

Mechanical seals are stuck or tightened, hindering rotation.

Solutions:

Check the power voltage and circuit connections to ensure proper electrical supply.

Open the pump and remove any foreign objects or check if the pump shaft is jammed.

In the case of motor failure, contact a technician for repair or replacement.

Lubricate or replace damaged mechanical seals to ensure smooth rotation.

3. Mechanical Seal Leakage

Causes:

Mechanical seals are worn or failing, resulting in poor sealing.

Improper installation of sealing components, creating gaps.

Large solid particles in the slurry causing long-term wear on sealing components.

Excessive operating temperatures leading to seal deformation or aging.

Solutions:

Replace worn or failed mechanical seals to ensure proper sealing performance.

Check if the seals are installed correctly and readjust if necessary.

Optimize slurry filtration to reduce the impact of large particles on seals.

Ensure the pump operates within the proper temperature range to prevent damage to seals.

4. Excessive Vibration and Noise

Causes:

Damaged or poorly lubricated bearings, leading to increased friction.

Misalignment between the pump shaft and motor shaft, causing imbalance.

Loose bolts causing instability during operation.

Air trapped in the medium, causing cavitation.

Solutions:

Regularly inspect and lubricate bearings, and replace worn ones when needed.

Adjust the alignment of the pump and motor shafts to ensure proper balance.

Check and tighten all bolts to prevent instability.

Prevent air from entering the pump and causing cavitation.

5. Decreased Pump Efficiency

Causes:

Severe wear of the impeller or internal pump components, reducing efficiency.

High solid content in the medium, increasing the pump’s load.

Poor hydraulic design leading to unstable operating conditions.

Lack of maintenance over time, causing performance degradation.

Solutions:

Regularly inspect the internal components for wear and replace damaged parts.

Optimize the handling process of the medium to reduce solid particle concentration and decrease pump load.

Analyze and adjust the pump's operating conditions to ensure the hydraulic design fits the application.

Implement a regular maintenance schedule to keep the pump running at optimal performance.

Conclusion

Slurry transfer pumps are powerful industrial transport tools, but they can experience common failures during prolonged use. Understanding the causes and solutions to these problems can not only extend the equipment's service life but also improve operational efficiency. Anhui Changyu Pump & Valve Manufacturing Co., Ltd. recommends users conduct regular inspections and maintenance based on actual working conditions to ensure the slurry pump remains in optimal working condition.

If you encounter any other issues during the use of your slurry pump, feel free to contact Anhui Changyu Pump & Valve Manufacturing Co., Ltd. for professional technical support and services.

    Magnetic pumps are widely used in industries such as chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and environmental protection due to their unique design that effectively prevents medium leakage. However, there is a significant operational limitation with magnetic pumps—they cannot run dry. So, why is it that magnetic pumps can't operate without liquid? This article will provide a detailed explanation.

    Working Principle of Magnetic Pumps

    To understand why magnetic pumps cannot run dry, it's essential to grasp their working principle. Magnetic pumps transfer power through magnetic coupling. Typically, the driving end and the driven end of the pump are connected via a magnetic coupling, and the impeller inside the pump rotates under the influence of this magnetic force, thereby propelling the medium to flow.

    Unlike traditional mechanical seal pumps, magnetic pumps have a completely sealed pump chamber with no shaft seals, which eliminates the possibility of leakage. This seal-free design makes magnetic pumps particularly suitable for applications that require high levels of sealing, especially when handling toxic, flammable, or corrosive media.

    The Dangers of Running Dry

    When a magnetic pump operates in a dry condition, meaning the pump chamber is devoid of any liquid medium, the magnetic coupling and other components inside the pump continue to rotate at high speed. This can lead to several problems:

    1.Overheating:

    Under normal operation, the liquid medium inside the pump acts as a lubricant and coolant. Without liquid, friction between components generates a significant amount of heat. Since the pump is designed to be completely sealed, the heat cannot dissipate quickly, potentially damaging the magnetic coupling and other critical components due to the rapid increase in temperature.

    2.Damage to the Magnetic Coupling:

When running dry, the magnetic coupling may overheat, leading to demagnetization or damage, causing it to lose its ability to couple magnetically. This not only results in the loss of the pump's drive function but also can lead to overall pump failure, which can be costly to repair or replace.

    3.Wear and Tear on the Impeller and Bearings:

    In a dry-running state, there is no liquid medium to reduce friction, causing direct contact between the impeller and bearings, leading to significant wear and tear. This drastically shortens the pump's lifespan and can even result in sudden pump failure.

    How to Prevent Dry Running?

    To ensure the safe and efficient operation of a magnetic pump, it's crucial to avoid dry running. Here are some common preventive measures:

    1.Install a Liquid Level Detection Device:

    A liquid level detection device can be installed in the pump's inlet pipe or storage tank. If the liquid level is too low, the device automatically stops the pump to prevent dry running.

    2.Set Up Pump Protection Devices:

    By installing pump protection devices, such as temperature sensors or flow sensors, the pump can automatically shut down if the internal temperature becomes abnormal or if the flow is insufficient, thereby protecting the pump from damage.

    3.Regular Inspection and Maintenance:

    Regularly inspect the pump's operating conditions to ensure there is always sufficient medium inside the pump, and conduct timely maintenance to prevent dry running due to worn-out components.

    Conclusion

    The primary reason magnetic pumps cannot run dry is that they rely on the liquid medium for cooling and lubrication. Without the medium, the pump's components can quickly overheat and wear out, potentially causing severe damage to the pump. Therefore, understanding and implementing preventive measures to ensure that magnetic pumps operate under the right conditions is key to extending equipment lifespan and ensuring safe production.