Why Fiber Laser Cleaning is Better than Traditional Methods?

Fiber laser cleaning is the process by which a surface is cleaned by having any impurities, oxides, dust, oil or other materials removed. This is done by using a fiber laser with high repetition rates and high peak powers, but in short pulses, so as to not damage the substrate that is being worked with. Laser cleaning is one of the modern versions of the cleaning process and has rapidly replaced traditional methods such as dry-ice blasting or media blasting due to the numerous benefits that it provides.

1500w Fiber laser cleaning machine

It offers these benefits as it works in a significantly different way to the processes that have preceded it. Furthermore, using a fiber laser as the medium also works in a much different way to other types of laser cleaning methods. We have explored this in more detail below and explained why fiber laser cleaning is the most efficient, safe and cost-effective cleaning solution on the market.

 

A key question that we are frequently asked is “How does laser cleaning work differently to the other more traditional methods?”. There are some key problems that lasers have helped to address and solve.

 

Firstly, other methods were contact processes, meaning they were abrasive and damaging to the materials that they were working with. Take media blasting, for example, which essentially acts like a pressure washer, but with pressurized air, to blast a material until it is clean. It gets the job done, but it often affects the material that you don’t want to damage below!

 

Laser cleaning, on the other hand, is non-contact and non-abrasive, and so will only irradiate the material that you want to get rid of.

 

You also have a great deal of control over the beam, meaning you can achieve the desired depth that you want to. Further to this, you can irradiate the whole surface layer of a material, or a much thinner layer, say the top coat of paint, but not the primer below. Or, should you wish, you can just clean a very small section. If using another process which simply blasts the material, it is hard to enjoy such a high level of control.

 

One of the key benefits in the way that laser cleaning works is that not much waste is left over due to the irradiation process; the substrate is simply vaporized rather than left as waste. The majority of the waste that is left over comes as dust particles and can be easily collected and removed by the user.

 

There are many reasons that fiber lasers have quickly gained popularity over other types of laser. The fiber laser beam is generated inside the fiber itself, and so the beam produced is extremely stable. Other laser sources, on the other hand, rely on a fine alignment of mirrors, and should these be knocked, it can be hard to realign them.

 

 

The stable beam that is produced is also of an extremely high quality too. It’s straight, it can be highly accurate to a small degree, and it offers a high level of power too. Finally, they are an efficient source too. They are easy to cool and have a much longer service life than other types of laser.

 

 

If you would like to find out more about the laser cleaning process, or our range of fiber lasers, then please simply leave a message below.

THE TOOL FOR MORE PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY IN METAL CUTTING

 

 

 

The transformative power of the Vankcut metal laser cutter

In the world of metalworking, precision, speed and versatility are the keys to success. With the advent of advanced technologies like the Vankcut Metal Laser Cutters, the way metals are cut is being revolutionized. This article highlights the transformative power of the VankCut and how it is redefining productivity and efficiency in metalworking.

 

Challenges of traditional cutting processes

Traditional cutting techniques present a number of challenges, including time intensity, inaccuracies and high operating costs. These factors have a direct impact on the productivity and profitability of production processes.

 

 

--- PRECISE AND FAST CUTS

The VankCut is characterized by its ability to deliver precise cuts at unprecedented speed. This feature is crucial for reducing throughput times and increasing overall productivity. The VankCut is specifically designed for processing various metals and offers remarkable cutting speeds and precision thanks to its advanced technology and high laser power of up to 3 kW.

 

 

--- COMPLEX GEOMETRIES AND CLEAN CUT EDGES

Another outstanding feature of the VankCut is its ability to effortlessly handle complex geometries and intricate structures that are often impossible to achieve with traditional methods. The laser technology also ensures clean cut edges that require no or minimal post-processing, saving time and resources.

 

 

--- WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS

The versatility of the VankCut is second to none as it is suitable for a wide range of metals including steel, stainless steel, aluminum and copper. This flexibility allows processing companies to optimize and reduce their machinery, resulting in significant cost savings.

What are the advantages of the four-in-one laser welding machine?

4 in 1 Laser Welding Machine

Laser welding machine is designed to be lightweight and compact, making them easy to carry to different job sites or within a workshop.These machines are user-friendly and require minimal setup compared to traditional welding equipment. This makes them suitable for both professionals and beginners.

 

Handheld laser welding provides precise control over the welding process, allowing for fine and intricate welds in various materials. Handheld laser welding machines can often perform welding tasks faster than traditional methods, which can lead to increased productivity. Laser welding is generally safer for operators, as it reduces exposure to harmful fumes and radiation.

 

laser welding triumphlaser laser welding machine laser cleaning triumphlaser laser welding machine  seam cleaning

                Laser Welding                              Laser Cleaning                             Laser Cutting                                  Seam Cleaning

 

Laser Welding:The primary function is welding. It is designed to join materials together using a high-powered laser beam, ensuring a precise and efficient welding process.

 

Laser Cleaning:In addition to welding, this tool can also perform cleaning tasks. It can remove rust, contaminants, or unwanted material from the surface of the workpiece before or after welding, ensuring a clean and smooth welding surface.

 

Laser Cutting:Another capability of this tool is cutting. It can be used to cut materials with high precision, making it a versatile tool for various applications that require both welding and cutting.

 

Seam Cleaning:Seam cleaning is a specific function related to welding. After welding, the tool can clean the welded seam to ensure a polished and finished appearance.

 

Traditional Welding VS Laser Welding

PROJECT TIG/MIG Laser welding machine
Labor cost Difficult to recruit and high salary Simple operation and low labor cost
Disease Frequent occupational diseases and serious physical injuries Less radiation, only need protective glasses to filter strong light
Speed Slow speed, low efficiency 4-10 times faster than traditional welding
Hot zone Large Small
Deformation Easy to deform Not easy to deform
Quality The weld is thick and irregular, and needs polishing Fine and beautiful welds, high welding strength
Damage There is air hole and it is easy to weld through Welding is uniform and consistent
Application Limited by consumables Wide application range
Master Professional welders are required 30 minutes of learning can be mastered skillfully

 

Advantages of the Laser Welding Machine

1. Portability: The mini handheld welding machine is compact and lightweight, making it easy to carry and operate in various work environments.

2. High Efficiency: The machine utilizes laser technology, which enables fast and precise welding, 4-10 times faster than traditional welding, leading to increased productivity and reduced welding time.

3. Cost-effective: By improving welding efficiency and reducing processing time, the mini handheld welding machine helps to lower production costs and optimize resource allocation.It saves about 80%~90% electricity than argon arc welding.

4. Ease of Use: The machine is designed with user-friendly touch screen controls and intuitive interfaces, making it easy for operators to learn and operate without extensive training.

5. Versatility: The mini handheld welding machine is suitable for various materials, including metals and alloys, allowing for a wide range of welding applications in industries such as automotive, electronics, and jewelry.

6. Flexibility: The machine offers flexibility in terms of welding positions and angles, allowing for welding in tight or difficult-to-reach spaces, improving accessibility and overall welding capabilities.

7. Precise and Quality Welds: The laser technology used in the machine ensures precise and high-quality welds, resulting in strong and durable joints with minimal distortion or damage to the surrounding material.

8. Safety Features: Multiple safety guarantees to protect the safety of operators and equipment.

 

Gefasst fiber laser welding head

The product covers welding head/cleaning head and self-developed control system, and sets up multiple safety alarms and main Dynamic safety power-off and light-off settings. It is developed on the basis of the hand-held welding head that our company has produced in large quantities, and has the characteristics of high reliability and strong stability. This product can be adapted to various brands of fiber lasers, and the optical and water-cooled design is optimized so that the laser head can be work stably for a long time at 2000W.

Laser Welding Copper Nozzles

 

Nozzle Variety:Laser welding heads can be fitted with a variety of nozzles, including angle nozzles and cleaning nozzles. These options allow for flexibility in welding different products and handling various materials.

Application Flexibility: The availability of different nozzles enhances the versatility of laser welding equipment, making it suitable for a wide range of materials and welding needs.

Optimized Performance: The use of specialized nozzles helps optimize the welding process by improving the control and precision of the laser beam.

triumphlaser 4 in 1 laser welding machine nozzle variety

 

Sample Display

  • #
  • #
  • #

 

Material Thickness Single side weld Thickness Double side weld
Thickness Wire weld
Stainless steel 3mm 3mm
2.5mm
Galvanized steel 3mm 6mm
2.5mm
Mild steel 3mm 6mm
2.5mm
Titanium alloy 3mm 6mm
2.5mm
Aluminum

2mm

4mm

1.8mm

Copper 1mm 2mm 0.8mm

 

 

How Does a Can Sealing Machine Work?

In the modern age of mass production and convenience, the efficiency of packaging plays a pivotal role in delivering products to consumers. When it comes to sealing cans, especially aluminum ones commonly used for beverages and food items, the process must be precise, reliable, and efficient. This is where can sealing machines come into play. In this blog post, we'll delve into the intricacies of how these machines operate and their significance in the manufacturing industry.

 

Understanding Can Sealing Machines:

 

Can sealing machines are specialized equipment designed to securely seal the tops of cans, ensuring the contents remain fresh and uncontaminated. These machines are particularly essential in industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, where maintaining product integrity is paramount.

 

Key Components and Mechanisms:

 

Feeding Mechanism: The process begins with the feeding mechanism, where empty cans are fed into the machine in an organized manner. This step ensures a continuous flow of cans through the sealing process.

Sealing Station: The sealing station is the heart of the aluminum can sealing machine. Here, the can lids, typically made of aluminum, are placed on top of the filled cans. The sealing mechanism then presses down on the lids with controlled force to create a hermetic seal.

Heat and Pressure: Heat and pressure are crucial elements in the sealing process. Most can sealing machines utilize a combination of heat and pressure to melt the lining of the lid and fuse it with the can's rim, creating a tight seal. The precise control of temperature and pressure ensures consistency and reliability in the sealing process.

Cooling System: After the sealing process is complete, a cooling system may be employed to expedite the cooling of the sealed cans. This helps in preventing any deformities in the can structure and ensures uniform sealing across all units.

Variations in Can Sealing Machines:

 

There are various types of can sealing machines available, catering to different industry needs and production requirements. One common variation is the aluminum bottle cap sealing machine, specifically designed for sealing aluminum bottle caps used in the beverage industry. These machines may incorporate additional features such as cap feeding systems and cap sorting mechanisms to streamline the sealing process further.

 

Significance in Manufacturing:

 

The efficiency and accuracy of can sealing machines play a crucial role in the manufacturing process. By automating the sealing process, these machines significantly enhance production rates while maintaining consistent seal quality. This not only reduces labor costs but also minimizes the risk of contamination and product spoilage, ensuring the integrity and safety of the packaged goods.

 

In conclusion, can sealing machines are indispensable assets in modern manufacturing, particularly in industries reliant on canned products. Through precise control of heat, pressure, and sealing mechanisms, these machines ensure the reliable and efficient sealing of cans, maintaining product freshness and integrity. As technology continues to advance, we can expect further innovations in can sealing machinery, driving increased efficiency and productivity in the manufacturing sector.

What is the most common method for air separation?

Air separation is most commonly achieved through refrigeration and distillation. This method is based on the differences in boiling points of different components at different temperatures and uses the principles of condensation and vaporization for gas separation.

Specifically, commonly used air separation methods include the following steps:

1. Compression: Compress air in the atmosphere through a compressor to increase gas density and pressure.

2. Precooling: Pass the compressed air into air coolers (precoolers) to cool it under normal pressure and condense the water vapor in it.

3. Expansion (expander or expansion valve): Pass the cooled gas through the expansion device to reduce both the pressure and temperature.

4. Separation: Pass the expanded gas into a separation device, usually a distillation tower or adsorption column.

    a. Distillation method: Separation using the differences in boiling points of different components in the air. In the distillation column, the temperature is gradually increased, causing the different components to vaporize and condense respectively, thereby separating oxygen, nitrogen and other inert gases.

    b. Adsorption method: Use an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, to selectively adsorb certain components. By changing pressure and temperature, the adsorbent can adsorb and desorb to achieve gas separation.

5. Product collection: After separation, the pure oxygen and pure nitrogen obtained are collected separately for further processing and storage.

This air separation method produces high-purity oxygen and nitrogen for use in many applications such as medical, industrial and scientific research.

air seperation plant

 

What is the difference between cryogenic oxygen and PSA?

 

Low-Temperature Oxygen and PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) are two common air separation technologies.

 

Low-temperature oxygen is used to separate oxygen and nitrogen in the air through low-temperature fractionation. The process exploits differences in the boiling points of air to separate gas components by cooling the air to a liquefied state and then gradually raising the temperature. Under low temperature conditions, oxygen in the air liquefies earlier, while nitrogen remains in a gaseous state. The liquid oxygen is then separated by distillation and collected.

 

 PSA uses the selective adsorption properties of adsorbents to separate oxygen and nitrogen. In the PSA oxygen generator process, air passes through a pressure swing adsorption tower composed of adsorbents. Adsorbents have different adsorption capacities for oxygen and nitrogen. During the adsorption stage, the adsorbent selectively adsorbs nitrogen while oxygen passes through. Then, during the pressure shift phase, the pressure is reduced so that the adsorbent releases the adsorbed nitrogen, making it available for adsorption sites again.

 

 Therefore, cryogenic oxygen and PSA are two different air separation processes. Low-temperature oxygen mainly relies on the boiling point difference of the gas, while PSA nitrogen generator uses the selective adsorption of the gas by the adsorbent to achieve separation. The choice of which process to use depends on the needs and technical requirements of the specific application.

 

PSA nitrogen GeneratorPSA Oxygen Generator



 

DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine Working Principle

In the realm of Blister Packaging Solutions, the DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine stands out as a paragon of efficiency and reliability. Blister packaging machines like the DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine are designed to encapsulate products in a cavity, usually with a paper backing or aluminum seal. These specialized packaging systems offer protection for products against external factors such as humidity and contamination while providing a degree of tamper resistance.

Working Principle:

The DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine machine operates on a fundamental principle that combines heat sealing and pressure. First, rolls of flat film, which can be Alu-Alu or Alu-PVC depending on the application demands, are unwound and guided through pre-heating stations to make them pliable. The film is then stretched onto a forming die that shapes the blister cavity, which is immediately filled with the product. A lidding material, often a pre-printed push-through aluminum foil, is then applied over the shaped blister.

Here is where the expertise of the Blister Pack Manufacturer is paramount. The machine's precision ensures that each component – the product, blister film, and lidding material – are perfectly synchronized. Multiple stations work in concert, with sensors and controls adjusting for variations in material to ensure a consistent and reliable seal.

After the lidding material is placed, heat and pressure are applied to create a bond between the blister film and the lidding material. The DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine employs robust mechanisms, often using a combination of pneumatic and mechanical systems, to ensure that the seals are not only strong and hermetic but also appropriately formed to meet stringent packing standards.

Key Components:

Forming Unit: Tailored to handle both Alu-Alu and Alu-PVC films, the DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine ensures a versatile approach to blister formation.

Sealing Unit: Heat and pressure parameters are finely tuned for optimal sealing performance, crucial for preserving product integrity.

Cutting Unit: Precision-engineered die-cutting ensures clean edges and uniform blister sizes, a hallmark of quality in blister packaging machines.

Customers can expect blister packaging solutions that fulfill rigorous industry standards, ensuring that pharmaceuticals and consumer goods are perfectly preserved in their journey from manufacturer to end user. The DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine embodies the Blister Pack Manufacturer's commitment to this quality, presenting a machine that is user-friendly, highly efficient, and impressively reliable.

In conclusion, the DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine brings forth a streamlined packaging solution, catering to the high demands of today's blister packaging requirements. With a keen understanding of material properties and machine design, this equipment promises to be a worthwhile investment for businesses seeking to enhance their packing operations without compromise.

The DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine ensures a consistent and reliable seal through a combination of precision-engineered components, high-quality materials, and sophisticated control systems. Here are the key factors that contribute to its effective sealing process:

Thermo-regulation: The machine is equipped with advanced heating elements that provide consistent heat distribution throughout the sealing process. Thermostatic controls enable precise temperature adjustments to maintain the optimal heat range required for effecient sealing of Alu-Alu and Alu-PVC materials.

Pressure Application: A unifrom pressure mechanism is integral to the sealing station. The DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine employs either pneumatic cylinders or servo motors that apply even pressure during the sealing phase, ensuring that each blister pocket is sealed without air pockets or weak spots.

Material Synchronization: The machine's feed system is designed to synchronize the blister film and lidding material perfectly. This ensures that there are no misalignments which could potentially compromise the seal's integrity.

Quality Materials: The quality of the blister and lidding materials is crucial. The machine is compatible with high-grade aluminum and PVC films that respond well to the heat and pressure applied during sealing, thereby forming a strong bond that maintains the package integrity.

Process Monitoring: Advanced sensor technology monitors the sealing parameters in real-time. If deviations from the set parameters occur, the system can automatically adjust or alert the operator to ensure consistent quality.

Sealing Dies: The machine uses precision-made dies that are robust and ensure clean, consistent sealing margins. They are custom-manufactured for different product specifications to maintain uniformity across batches.

Validation and Compliance: The DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine is designed keeping in mind the pharmaceutical industry’s standards for validation and compliance. Whether it's adhering to cGMP guidelines or meeting FDA regulations, the machine's sealing efficiency reflects the high standards it's built to satisfy.

Maintenance Protocols: Regular maintenance and calibration of the sealing components also play a vital role in ensuring a consistent and reliable seal. The DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine’s design facilitates easy access for cleaning and maintenance, which helps in preserving optimal functionality over time.

By integrating all these technological advancements and thorough design considerations, the DPP-160 Alu-Alu/Alu-PVC Blister Packing Machine manages to deliver an exceptional sealing performance, ensuring that each blister package is perfectly intact and ready for distribution.

What Are 4 Advantages Of Latex Dipping Gloves Equipment?

Gloves Equipment

In various industries, latex dipping gloves have become an indispensable piece of protective equipment. These gloves are manufactured through a process known as latex dipping, the resulting gloves offer a range of advantages and possess distinct characteristics that make them highly sought after in numerous sectors. In this blog post, we will explore the advantages and characteristics of latex dipping gloves equipment.

Superior Barrier Protection:

One of the key advantages of latex dipping gloves is their exceptional barrier protection. Latex is a natural material that offers excellent resistance to a wide range of chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and solvents. These gloves provide a reliable shield against potentially harmful substances, making them ideal for applications where workers come into contact with hazardous materials or corrosive substances.

Enhanced Dexterity and Comfort:

Latex dipping gloves are known for their exceptional flexibility and tactile sensitivity. The thin, elastic nature of latex allows for a snug fit that molds to the shape of the hand, providing optimum dexterity and sensitivity. This characteristic is especially crucial in industries that require intricate hand movements, such as healthcare, pharmaceuticals, laboratories, and assembly lines. The ergonomic design of these gloves ensures that wearers can perform delicate tasks with ease, promoting productivity and reducing the risk of errors.

Excellent Grip:

The textured surface of latex dipping gloves offers excellent grip, even in wet or oily conditions. This feature is essential in industries like manufacturing, construction, automotive, and food processing, where a secure grip is imperative to ensure safety and prevent accidents. The enhanced grip of latex gloves reduces the likelihood of objects slipping from the wearer's hands, allowing them to handle tools, machinery, and materials with confidence.

Cost-Effective:

Another advantage of latex dipping gloves equipment is its affordability. Latex is a widely available material, and the manufacturing process is relatively economical. This makes latex gloves a cost-effective choice for businesses seeking durable and reliable hand protection without straining their budget. The competitive pricing, coupled with the gloves' durability and strength, makes them a preferred choice for various industries.

 

TIANYUAN's Machinery:

Discover a range of high-performance glove production machines meticulously engineered to meet the diverse needs of our clients. Our machinery is designed to enhance production efficiency and product quality.

Glove production Line:

Our production Line are crafted to optimize your production, ensuring seamless operation, increased output, and consistent glove quality. With customizable features and precision engineering, we offer solutions tailored to your specific requirements.

Why are large and medium-sized air separation equipment suitable for using full low-pressure processes?

Reducing the working pressure of the air separation equipment can reduce the unit energy consumption of the product. The working pressure of the full low-pressure air separation equipment is close to the working pressure of the lower tower, while the working pressure of the small air separation equipment is much higher than the pressure of the lower tower. The working pressure is low, and the unit cooling capacity generated by expansion is also small. In order to maintain the balance of cooling capacity, it is first required that the unit cooling loss is also small. For large-scale air separation equipment, the unit cooling loss decreases as the unit capacity increases. At the same time, a smaller hot end temperature difference is also selected during design. The unit cooling loss due to incomplete heat exchange is relatively small, which is a good way to reduce the working pressure. Favorable conditions were created.

 

In addition, the low working pressure requires the expander to have high efficiency so that it can produce a larger cooling capacity under the same pressure difference. As the capacity of the turboexpander increases, the optimal rotation speed decreases and the efficiency increases. Therefore, it is most suitable for large-scale air separation equipment, making it possible to reduce working pressure.

 

For small air separation equipment, the cooling loss is relatively large. Even if a turbine expander is used, the speed is as high as 105r/min or more, the efficiency is low, and the maintenance and management requirements are very high. In addition, for large-scale air separation equipment, the amount of expansion is small relative to the amount of process air. The expanded and refrigerated air can still participate in distillation and extract oxygen from it. If a small air separation equipment adopts a low-pressure process, because the amount of expansion gas required to generate refrigeration capacity is large and cannot be fully involved in the distillation, the oxygen extraction rate will be very low, and the energy consumption per unit product will still be high. Therefore, the full low-pressure process is most suitable for large and medium-sized air separation plants.

 

At present, with the adoption of molecular sieve adsorption purification and booster turbine processes, as well as the advancement of plate-fin heat exchanger technology, the minimum capacity of low-pressure air separation equipment has been designed to 340m3/h oxygen production and 800m3/h nitrogen production (KDON -340/800), the exhaust pressure of the air compressor is 0.59MPa.

 

air seperation equipmentair seperation plant

 

What is the pressure swing adsorption molecular sieve purification process?

What is the pressure swing adsorption molecular sieve purification process, and what are its characteristics compared with the temperature swing adsorption purification process?

Molecular sieves have the function of selective adsorption of mixed gases, and their adsorption capacity changes with changes in temperature and pressure. Its adsorption capacity increases at low temperature and high pressure, and decreases at high temperature and low pressure. Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is based on the principle that molecular sieves adsorb at room temperature and desorb at high temperatures, while pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is based on the principle that molecular sieves adsorb at high pressure and desorb at low pressure.

The so-called pressure swing adsorption molecular sieve purification process is to use the molecular sieve pressure swing adsorption process to remove water, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons in the air, eliminating the need for air pre-cooling systems and regeneration heaters, as shown in Figure 15.

Use 1% to 1.5% purified air to regenerate molecular sieves. The general switching cycle is 9 to 14 minutes. There are 2 to 6 adsorbers according to the specifications of the air separation unit. The adsorbent capacity is 4 times that of the TSA adsorbent of similar air separation units. Each adsorbent is The container is equipped with 6 switching valves.

Compared with TSA, the advantages of PSA are:

     1) Simplify the process and eliminate the need for equipment such as air cooling towers, evaporative cooling towers, low-temperature water pumps, and regenerative heaters;

     2) There is no steam consumption required for TSA heating regeneration. For a 60,000m3/h air separation unit, 1,800kg/h of steam (approximately 1,000kW·h/h) can be saved.

Its disadvantages are:

     1) Air switching loss is 1% to 1.5% and consumes 400kW more power;

     2) The switching cycle is short and the switching valve is prone to failure;

     3) It is difficult to completely desorb the regenerated molecular sieve at room temperature, which will affect the adsorption performance of the molecular sieve and bring some harmful gases into the air separation unit, which will have a certain impact on the safety of large-scale air separation units;

     4) The investment is slightly larger.

PSA oxygen generatorPSA nitrogen generator